Information from the Statistics and Census Service (DSEC) indicated that Gross National Income (GNI) at current prices amounted to MOP 301.72 billion in 2012. In comparison with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at MOP 348.22 billion, value of GNI was lower than GDP by MOP 46.50 billion, equivalent to 13.4% of GDP. Besides, per-capita GNI (MOP 530,221) was lower than per-capita GDP (MOP 611,930) by MOP 81,709.

In 2012, values of both GNI and per-capita GNI were lower than the values of GDP and per-capita GDP, implying that the income earned by non-resident investors from investment in Macao was higher than the foreign income earned by resident investors from abroad. Although there had always been a net outflow of external factor income in Macao, portfolio investment income and other investment income earned by resident investors from abroad rose significantly by 55.8% and 43.1% respectively in 2012, contributing to an increase of 34.1% year-on-year in total inflow of external factor income, higher than the increase in income earned by non-resident investors from Macao (+21.2%). Therefore, the difference between GNI and GDP as a percentage of GDP narrowed down slightly, from 13.5% in 2011 to 13.4% in 2012.

In 2012, GNI and per-capita GNI increased by 13.0% and 9.1% in real terms year-on-year, higher than the growth of GDP (+9.9%) and per-capita GDP (+6.1%).

GNI is the total income earned by residents of an economy from engaging in various economic activities within or outside the economy, corresponding to GDP plus total inflow of external factor income minus total outflow of external factor income.

Gross National Income (GNI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 2008-2012

(* please find attached file)